Cauliflower
Also known as: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
4 types of cauliflower
Cheddar
70 daysBright orange heads — 25× the beta-carotene of white cauliflower. Uniform 6 in curds, tender flavor.
Purple Graffiti
80 daysVivid deep-purple heads (color deepens in sun). Anthocyanin-rich; sweet, mild flavor. No blanching needed.
Romanesco
85 daysChartreuse fractal spiral heads with a nutty flavor. Sometimes listed with broccoli; grow like cauliflower.
Snow Crown
50 days from transplantAAS-winning early hybrid — fast, uniform 8 in white heads, self-wrapping outer leaves. The easiest home cauliflower.
When & where
Germination
Spacing & depth
How to plant
Start indoors; cauliflower hates checks in growth. Transplant into rich compost-amended soil while the weather is still cool. Row-cover from planting to keep cabbage moths off. When the head reaches egg-size, tie a few outer leaves over it to blanch white heads (colored varieties don't need it).
Grower's tip
Steady water and steady cool temperatures — any stress makes the plant 'button' and form a tiny head. Fall crops are much easier than spring.
Soil preferences
Deep, rich, well-drained loam.
6.0–6.8
2–3 in of compost worked into the bed each spring; side-dress heavy feeders (tomato, squash, brassica) monthly with balanced organic fertilizer.
Watering
1–2 in per week — steady is more important than heavy.
Drip or soaker at the base. Mulch 2–3 in to hold moisture and suppress weeds.
Overwatered: yellowing lower leaves, cracked fruit, blossom-end rot from calcium disruption. Underwatered: wilting mid-day, bitter or misshapen fruit, blossom drop.
Prefers top-watering — Top-water at the soil line with drip. Powdery mildew loves wet leaves — keep water off the vines.
Temperature tolerance
70–85°F (21–29°C) for warm-season; 60–75°F (15–24°C) for cool-season
55–65°F (13–18°C)
Warm-season crops (tomato, pepper, squash, cucumber, bean) are frost-tender. Cool-season (brassica, pea, spinach, radish) tolerate light frost, some (kale, spinach) sweeten after one.
Container growing
Possible with the right cultivar
5+ gal (19 L) for tomato/pepper/eggplant; 3 gal for compact bush varieties; 8+ in deep for greens
Look for 'patio', 'bush', or 'compact' varieties. Water containers daily in heat — they dry out fast.
Succession planting
Bush beans, salad greens, radishes, carrots: sow every 2–3 weeks. Long-season crops (tomato, pepper): one sowing per season.
Detailed harvesting
Pick fruiting crops young and often — over-mature fruit signals the plant to stop producing. Cut, don't yank, with pruners to protect the stem.
Post-harvest storage & preservation
Cure winter squash and onions in a warm airy spot 2 weeks, then store cool. Freeze most vegetables blanched. Ferment or can surplus.
Culinary, medicinal & other uses
Fresh eating, cooking, preserving. Save the biggest and best specimens as seed stock, not for the table.
Medicinal or traditional uses are shared for interest only — this is not medical advice. Consult a qualified professional before using any plant medicinally.
Seed saving
Depends on species — tomato/pepper/bean/pea are self-pollinating; squash/cucumber/melon/brassica cross via insects.
Self-pollinators need little isolation (10 ft). Cross-pollinators need 1/4 mile, hand-pollination, or blossom bags.
Let one healthy plant fully ripen fruit or dry pods; ferment wet-seed fruits (tomato, cucumber, melon) 3 days to strip pulp before drying.
Your zone's planting calendar
Pick your USDA hardiness zone and we'll estimate the key dates for cauliflower in your area. These are regional averages — always check your own last-frost forecast before sowing.
From your kitchen — grow cauliflower from what you already have
Most annual vegetables give seed from fully ripe fruit — well past eating stage. Biennials (carrot, beet, onion) need a second year in the ground before they flower.
- 1Let one healthy plant go entirely — no picking, no deadheading — until fruit is over-ripe or seed pods are dry.
- 2Scoop seeds from wet fruits and ferment 3 days to strip pulp; harvest dry pods over a bag.
- 3Rinse or winnow, then dry 1–2 weeks on a plate.
- 4Store cool, dark, and dry in a labeled envelope.
Storage: 3–5 years dry for most vegetable seed.
My Cauliflower notes
Cauliflower seeds on hand
Track packets and loose seeds you already have. Private to your account.
Par level — leave at 0 for no alert. Anything below par shows on Seed Starting and your shopping list.
Order more seeds
Running low? Reorder from one of these seed stores.
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