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Tomato

Annual vegetable
Warm season
Full sun (8+ hrs)

Also known as: Love apple · Solanum lycopersicum

Varieties

44 types of tomato

Amish Paste

80 days

Heart-shaped red paste heirloom — meaty enough for sauce, flavorful enough for slicing.

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Aunt Ruby's German Green

85 days

Green-when-ripe heirloom — sweet and spicy with a hint of amber blush. Ripe when soft.

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Beefsteak

85 days

also: Red Beefsteak

Indeterminate classic — huge 1–2 lb ribbed red slicers. Needs heavy staking.

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Beefsteak (Brandywine, Cherokee Purple)

85 days

Indeterminate. 1-lb heirloom slicers. Fewer, huge fruit.

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Better Boy

72 days

The best-selling hybrid slicer — dependable, disease-resistant, 12–16 oz red fruit.

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Big Beef

73 days

AAS winner — 10–12 oz beefsteak-type with old-fashioned flavor and modern disease resistance.

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Big Boy

78 days

Classic hybrid producing heavy crops of 1 lb+ red slicers. Adaptable to most climates.

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Black Cherry

64 days

Dusky-purple cherry with rich, complex flavor — the heirloom of cherries.

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Black Krim

75 days

Dark maroon-purple beefsteak from Crimea. Salty-sweet, rich. Color deepens with heat.

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Brandywine

85 days

The most famous heirloom — potato-leaf pink beefsteak with legendary sweet, complex flavor. Slow but worth it.

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Celebrity

70 days

Semi-determinate AAS winner. Uniform 7–8 oz red slicers — very reliable for beginners.

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Cherokee Purple

80 days

Dusky purple-brown heirloom from Tennessee. Rich, smoky-sweet. A top slicer.

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Cherry (Sungold, Sweet 100)

60 days

Indeterminate. Prolific, candy-sweet. Trellis or cage — grows 6 ft+.

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Chocolate Cherry

70 days

Rich brownish-red cherries — complex sweet flavor, great in salads.

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Costoluto Genovese

78 days

Deeply ribbed Italian heirloom — intense flavor, outstanding for sauce.

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Early Girl

52 days

The earliest full-size slicer — 4–6 oz red fruit weeks before others. Great for short seasons.

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Gardener's Delight

65 days

also: Sugar Lump

German heirloom cherry — sweet-tart, crack-resistant, heavy producer.

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German Pink

also: Lycopersicon lycopersicum 'German Pink'

Large pink beefsteak heirloom — meaty, low-acid, few seeds. Great slicer.

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Grape

65 days

Elongated cherry, firmer flesh. Excellent shelf life.

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Green Zebra

75 days

Ripens striped green-and-gold. Tangy, tart. Ripe when soft, not color.

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Hillbilly

85 days

Huge orange-red marbled beefsteak heirloom — 1–2 lb, sweet and fruity.

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Jubilee

72 days

Golden-orange low-acid slicer — mild and sweet, beautiful in salads.

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Juliet

60 days

AAS-winning mini-Roma 'grape' — crack-resistant, very prolific, great roasted.

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Lemon Boy

72 days

Bright yellow 6–7 oz hybrid slicer — mild, meaty, and a garden standout.

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Marmalade

80 days

also: Orange Marmalade

Orange beefsteak with marbled interior and sweet, fruity, low-acid flavor. Beautiful sliced.

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Marmande

70 days

also: Marmande Rouge

French ribbed heirloom — the classic 'tomate de Provence.' Rich flavor, fruits well in heat.

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Moneymaker

78 days

English greenhouse heirloom — smooth red 4–5 oz slicers, heavy and reliable producer.

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Mortgage Lifter

85 days

also: Radiator Charlie's

1–2 lb pink beefsteak bred by a man who paid off his mortgage selling seedlings. Meaty and mild.

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Oxheart

80 days

Heart-shaped pink-red heirloom, up to 1 lb. Thick flesh, few seeds — great for sauce.

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Patio

70 days

Determinate dwarf for pots — 3–4 oz red slicers on a compact plant. No trellis needed.

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Pineapple

85 days

Yellow-red marbled heirloom beefsteak — sweet, fruity, tropical flavor. Stunning when sliced.

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Roma

75 days

also: Roman Tomato

Determinate paste type — thick-walled, meaty, few seeds. The standard sauce and canning tomato.

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Roma / Paste

75 days

Determinate. Thick-walled, meaty. Made for sauce and canning.

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Rutgers

also: Lycopersicon lycopersicum 'Rutgers'

Classic red slicing tomato bred in New Jersey — balanced flavor and productive.

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San Marzano

85 days

The classic Neapolitan paste tomato — thin skin, low seed count.

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San Marzano

85 days

also: San Marzano Paste

The classic Neapolitan paste tomato — thin skin, low seed count, dense flesh for sauce.

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Slicer (Better Boy, Early Girl)

70 days

Reliable mid-size hybrids. Disease resistant.

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Sungold

57 days

Orange cherry that tastes like candy — often voted the best-tasting cherry tomato ever. Crack-prone; pick promptly.

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Super Sweet 100

60 days

Improved Sweet 100 with better disease resistance — endless trusses of bite-size red cherries.

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Supersauce

70 days

Giant red paste tomato — fruits the size of a small soda can. Nearly juice-free for thick sauce.

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Sweet 100 / Sweet Million

65 days

Huge trusses of 1-inch red cherries — 100+ per plant. Trellis it; it won't stop.

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Tiny Tim

55 days

Dwarf 12-inch plant for containers and window boxes — small red cherries, patio-friendly.

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Tumbling Tom

60 days

Bred for hanging baskets — cascades of small red or yellow cherries over the edge.

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Yellow Pear

70 days

Heirloom teardrop-shaped yellow cherries — mild, sweet, prolific. Kids love them.

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When & where

Season
Warm season — after last frost
USDA zones
Annual in zones 2–11; perennial in 10–11
Sun
Full sun (8+ hrs)
Start indoors
6–8 weeks before last frost
Direct sow outdoors
After last frost, nights ≥ 55°F
Days to harvest
60–85 days from transplant

Germination

Germination time
5–10 days
Soil temperature
70–85°F (21–29°C)

Spacing & depth

Sow depth
1/4" (6 mm)
Seed spacing
2–3 seeds per cell; transplant 24–36 in apart
Mature plant spacing
24–36 in (60–90 cm)
Row spacing
36–48 in (90–120 cm)

How to plant

Start indoors under lights 6–8 weeks before last frost. Pot up once. When transplanting, bury 2/3 of the stem — roots form along the buried stem for a stronger plant. Cage or stake at planting.

Grower's tip

Prune suckers on indeterminates for airflow and bigger fruit.

Soil preferences

Soil type

Deep, rich, well-drained loam with lots of organic matter.

pH range

6.2–6.8

Amendments

Bury a handful of crushed eggshell + a spoon of bone meal in each planting hole to prevent blossom-end rot. Side-dress at first fruit.

Watering

Frequency

1–2 in per week — steady is more important than heavy.

Method

Drip at the base; wet leaves spread early and late blight.

Over vs. under

Overwatered: split skins, blossom-end rot, yellow lower leaves. Underwatered: rolled leaves, dropped blossoms.

Top-water or bottom-water?

Prefers top-watering — Top-water at the soil line with drip or soaker. Wet leaves spread early and late blight fast — never overhead in the evening.

Temperature tolerance

Ideal daytime air temp

70–85°F (21–29°C) for warm-season; 60–75°F (15–24°C) for cool-season

Ideal nighttime air temp

55–65°F (13–18°C)

Frost sensitivity

Warm-season crops (tomato, pepper, squash, cucumber, bean) are frost-tender. Cool-season (brassica, pea, spinach, radish) tolerate light frost, some (kale, spinach) sweeten after one.

Container growing

Container-suitable?

Yes — great in containers

Recommended pot size

5+ gal (19 L) for determinate; 10+ gal for indeterminate

Notes

Determinate ('bush') types finish and fall over — perfect for pots. Cage every container tomato.

Succession planting

One main sowing per season indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost. Sow a second batch 4 weeks later for a fall crop in mild climates.

Detailed harvesting

Pick when color is even and fruit gives slightly to a gentle squeeze — twist gently or clip. Ripen borderline fruits on the counter, never the fridge.

Post-harvest storage & preservation

Cure winter squash and onions in a warm airy spot 2 weeks, then store cool. Freeze most vegetables blanched. Ferment or can surplus.

Culinary, medicinal & other uses

Fresh eating, cooking, preserving. Save the biggest and best specimens as seed stock, not for the table.

Medicinal or traditional uses are shared for interest only — this is not medical advice. Consult a qualified professional before using any plant medicinally.

Seed saving

Pollination

Self-pollinating (95%+); a light shake helps set fruit.

Isolation needs

10 ft between varieties. Currant and potato-leaf types cross more readily.

How to save

Squeeze a ripe fruit into a jar of water; ferment 3–4 days until it molds; rinse, sink the good seed, dry on a plate 2 weeks. Keeps 5+ years dry.

Your zone's planting calendar

Pick your USDA hardiness zone and we'll estimate the key dates for tomato in your area. These are regional averages — always check your own last-frost forecast before sowing.

From your kitchen — grow tomato from what you already have

Tomato seed is easy to save from any ripe open-pollinated (heirloom) fruit — a store tomato works too, but hybrids like Roma or Cherub won't grow true.

  1. 1Scoop the seeds and gel from a fully ripe tomato into a jar with a splash of water.
  2. 2Loosely cover and leave at room temperature for 3–5 days — a mold layer forms as the gel ferments off. This kills seed-borne disease.
  3. 3Rinse under a fine sieve. Viable seeds sink; floaters and pulp float off.
  4. 4Spread on a paper plate (not a coffee filter — they stick) and dry 1–2 weeks until snap-brittle.
  5. 5Store in a labeled envelope. Sow next spring on a heat mat like any other tomato seed.

Storage: Fermented, dried seed keeps 4–6 years in a cool dry drawer.

My Tomato notes

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