Companion planting

Who to plant next to what

Pair for pest deterrence, pollination, shade, and nutrient sharing — avoid pairings that compete or trade diseases. Covers all 2062 plants in the library (262 with species-specific pairings, the rest using category guidance).

Compatibility checker

Plant A

Plant B

Plant	Good with	Keep apart	Why it works
💠Ageratum FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Vegetable borders	—	Fuzzy blue blooms pull in butterflies and hoverflies.
🌸Agrostemma FlowerSpecific	Cottage garden Wheat	—	Old-world cornfield flower; slender pollinator draw.
🌱Alfalfa LegumeSpecific	Fruit trees Vegetable rotations	—	Deep taproot (10 ft+) mines minerals; till in as green manure.
🌾Amaranth FlowerSpecific	Corn Onion Potato	—	Tall canopy shades ground crops; leaves attract predatory beetles.
🌼Ammi (Lace Flower) FlowerSpecific	Tomato Pepper Cabbage	—	Umbel flowers feed hoverflies and parasitic wasps.
🌼Ammobium FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Everlasting winged filler; dries for arrangements.
🌿Angelica HerbSpecific	Rhubarb Fruit trees	—	Tall biennial umbel — powerhouse for beneficials.
🌿Anise Hyssop HerbSpecific	Squash Cucumber Tomato Bean	—	Top-3 pollinator plant — plant beside anything that needs bees.
🌸Annual Phlox FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Vegetable borders	—	Fragrant hummingbird and butterfly plant.
🌸Armeria (Sea Thrift) FlowerSpecific	Rock garden Bed edges	—	Compact pollinator tuft; tolerates poor, salty soils.
🌿Artichoke VegetableSpecific	Cabbage Sunflower Pea	—	Perennial anchor; leave a bud to flower for bumblebees.
🌿Arugula Leafy GreenSpecific	Bean Beet Carrot Lettuce Spinach	—	Fast-growing filler; flowers feed hoverflies.
🌾Asparagus VegetableSpecific	Tomato Parsley Basil Marigold	Onion Garlic Potato	Tomato repels asparagus beetle; asparagus repels nematodes on tomato.
🌸Baby's Breath FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Rose	—	Baby's breath — airy filler and small-bee feeder.
🌸Balloon Flower FlowerSpecific	Perennial border	—	Long-lived bellflower; pollinator draw in mid-summer.
🌺Balsam FlowerSpecific	Shade border Impatiens bed	—	Cottage-garden bee plant for part-shade.
🌾Barley GrainSpecific	Pea Vetch Clover	—	Cool-season nurse crop and cover; pairs with legumes.
🌿Basil HerbSpecific	Tomato Pepper Oregano Asparagus Marigold	Rue Sage Common thyme	Repels thrips and hornworms; improves tomato flavor and vigor.
💐Basketflower FlowerSpecific	Sunflower Cornflower	—	Native thistle relative; magnet for native bees.
🌿Bay Laurel HerbSpecific	Bean Rose	—	Aromatic leaves deter moths and pantry pests.
🌸Bee Balm FlowerSpecific	Tomato Echinacea Rudbeckia	—	Hummingbird magnet; improves tomato flavor and pollination.
🥬Beet RootSpecific	Onion Kohlrabi Lettuce Cabbage Bush bean	Pole bean	Adds minerals to soil as leaves decompose; alliums pair perfectly.
💚Bells of Ireland FlowerSpecific	Zinnia Cosmos Snapdragon	—	Cutting-garden filler — pollinator draw when in bloom.
🥒Bitter Melon VegetableSpecific	Corn Bean Okra	Potato	Cucurbit — same rules as cucumber; give it a strong trellis.
🌸Black-Eyed Susan Vine FlowerSpecific	Fence Trellis edges	—	Twining pollinator vine; hummingbirds visit the tubes.
🥬Bok Choy Leafy GreenSpecific	Onion Carrot Dill Beet	Strawberry Tomato	Brassica — same rules as cabbage; alliums deter cabbage worm.
💙Borage HerbSpecific	Tomato Strawberry Squash Cabbage	—	Star companion — attracts bees, deters hornworms, adds trace minerals.
🥦Broccoli VegetableSpecific	Onion Beet Chamomile Dill Sage	Tomato Strawberry Pepper	Dill's umbels feed wasps that parasitize cabbage worms.
🥬Brussels Sprouts VegetableSpecific	Onion Dill Rosemary Sage Nasturtium	Tomato Strawberry	Aromatic herbs mask the crop's scent from cabbage moths.
🌾Buckwheat GrainSpecific	Nearly all vegetables (as cover)	—	Fastest cover crop — bees swarm the flowers; till in before seed set.
🌿Bupleurum FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Rose	—	Chartreuse umbels feed tiny parasitic wasps.
🫘Bush Bean LegumeSpecific	Corn Cucumber Carrot Strawberry Radish	Onion Garlic Fennel Leek	Nitrogen-fixer — plant before heavy feeders. Alliums stunt legumes.
🦋Butterfly Pea FlowerSpecific	Corn Bean	—	Nitrogen-fixing legume vine; edible blue-tea flowers.
🥬Cabbage Leafy GreenSpecific	Dill Onion Sage Thyme Chamomile Nasturtium	Tomato Strawberry Pole bean	Thyme repels cabbage moth; nasturtium is a trap for aphids.
🌼Calendula FlowerSpecific	Tomato Carrot Asparagus Cabbage	—	Sticky flowers trap aphids and whitefly; edible petals for salads.
💙Canterbury Bells FlowerSpecific	Cottage garden	—	Biennial bellflower; bumblebees love the deep tubes.
🍒Cape Gooseberry FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold Pepper	Potato	Nightshade — rotate away from tomato/potato family.
🌾Caraway HerbSpecific	Strawberry Pea	Fennel Dill	Umbels bring in beneficials; cross-pollinates with other apiaceae.
🌿Cardoon VegetableSpecific	Cabbage Bean	—	Give space — 4 ft silvery giant; feeds bees at end of season.
🥕Carrot RootSpecific	Onion Leek Rosemary Tomato Chive	Dill Parsnip Coriander (flowering)	Onion family confuses carrot rust fly; dill cross-pollinates.
🐈Catnip HerbSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Pumpkin Bean	—	Repels aphids, flea beetles, squash bugs; keep away from paths (cats!).
🥦Cauliflower VegetableSpecific	Onion Beet Celery Dill Sage	Tomato Strawberry Pole bean	Same brassica rules as cabbage — allium + aromatic herbs.
🥬Celeriac RootSpecific	Onion Leek Cabbage Bean	Parsnip	Same rules as celery; heavy feeder, likes moisture.
🥬Celery VegetableSpecific	Cabbage Cauliflower Leek Tomato Bean	Parsnip Corn	Repels cabbage butterfly; leek and celery share moisture needs.
🔥Celosia FlowerSpecific	Tomato Pepper	—	Heat-tolerant filler; brings beneficials to hot-season beds.
🌾Cereal Rye GrainSpecific	Vetch Clover Pea	—	Best winter cover crop; allelopathic to weeds when terminated.
🌼Chamomile HerbSpecific	Cabbage Onion Cucumber Basil	Mint	Called 'the plant doctor' — improves flavor and vigor of neighbors.
🌿Chervil HerbSpecific	Lettuce Radish Broccoli	—	Shade-loving; hides lettuce in summer, deters slugs and aphids.
🌱Chia HerbSpecific	Bean Squash	—	Blue flowers pull in bees; drought-tolerant filler.
🫘Chickpea LegumeSpecific	Corn Squash Potato	Onion Garlic	Heat-loving N-fixer; leaves secrete oxalic acid — wear sleeves.
🥗Chicory Leafy GreenSpecific	Bean Lettuce	—	Deep taproot mines minerals; blue flowers feed bees.
🌸China Aster FlowerSpecific	Vegetable borders Chrysanthemum	—	Late-season nectar for bees and migrating monarchs.
🧅Chives HerbSpecific	Carrot Tomato Strawberry Rose Apple	Bean Pea	Sulfur compounds deter aphids and carrot fly; alliums stunt legumes.
🌱Cilantro HerbSpecific	Tomato Spinach Beans Pepper Dill	Fennel	Flowers pull in hoverflies and parasitic wasps that eat aphids.
🌸Clarkia FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Cool-season self-seeder; feeds native bees.
🌱Claytonia Leafy GreenSpecific	Lettuce Spinach	—	Cold-hardy cover for late fall and winter tunnels.
🌸Cleome FlowerSpecific	Tomato Cabbage	—	Spider flower — trap crop for harlequin bugs, feeds hummers.
🍀Clover LegumeSpecific	Fruit trees Vegetables (as living mulch)	—	One of the best living mulches and N-fixers under fruit trees.
🌿Coleus (from seed) FlowerSpecific	Shade border Impatiens	—	Foliage filler for shade beds; flowers pull in bees.
🥬Collard Greens Leafy GreenSpecific	Onion Dill Thyme Nasturtium	Tomato Strawberry	Southern brassica — heat-tolerant version of cabbage rules.
🌸Columbine FlowerSpecific	Hosta Fern	—	Shade-garden pollinator plant; hummingbird favorite.
🌼Coreopsis FlowerSpecific	Any vegetable border	—	Long-blooming beneficial-insect feeder; drought tolerant.
🌽Corn VegetableSpecific	Bean Squash Cucumber Pea Sunflower	Tomato	The classic Three Sisters — corn is a trellis, beans fix N, squash mulches.
🌸Cornflower FlowerSpecific	Rye Wheat Vegetables	—	Beneficials-magnet edge plant; feeds ladybugs and lacewings.
🌸Cosmos FlowerSpecific	Tomato Corn Bean	—	Attracts lacewings and parasitic wasps that eat aphids and thrips.
🫘Cowpea / Southern Pea LegumeSpecific	Corn Squash Okra Sorghum	Onion Garlic	Heat-loving legume — fixes nitrogen for summer beds.
🌼Craspedia (Billy Buttons) FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Yellow drumsticks; excellent everlasting for drying.
💜Crocus BulbSpecific	Under deciduous trees Lawns	—	Earliest bee forage — critical for waking pollinators.
🥒Cucamelon VegetableSpecific	Corn Bean Nasturtium	Potato	Cucurbit — same companions as cucumber.
🥒Cucumber VegetableSpecific	Bean Corn Radish Sunflower Nasturtium	Potato Sage Aromatic herbs	Radish repels cucumber beetle; sage inhibits cuke vines.
🌾Cumin HerbSpecific	Bean Cabbage	—	Umbels feed beneficials; heat lover pairs with warm-season crops.
💙Cynoglossum FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Vegetable borders	—	Chinese forget-me-not; hoverfly and bee magnet.
🌼Daffodil BulbSpecific	Fruit trees Rose	Vegetable beds — toxic to livestock	Bulbs deter voles, deer, and rodents from tree roots.
🌸Dahlia (from seed) FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Vegetable borders	—	Late-season pollinator anchor; earwig trap crop.
🌼Dandelion Greens Leafy GreenSpecific	Fruit trees	—	Deep taproot brings up minerals; flowers feed early bees.
💙Delphinium FlowerSpecific	Cottage border Rose	Edible beds — toxic	Bumblebee favorite; keep away from livestock.
🌸Dianthus FlowerSpecific	Rock garden Rose Cutting garden	—	Clove-scented pollinator plant for edges.
💠Didiscus FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Blue lace flower; pulls in hoverflies and lacewings.
🌿Dill HerbSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Cucumber Corn Lettuce	Carrot Tomato Cilantro	Attracts predators of cabbage worms; cross-pollinates with cilantro & carrot.
🌫️Dusty Miller FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Bed edges	—	Silver foliage filler; drought and heat tolerant.
🌸Echinacea FlowerSpecific	Bee balm Rudbeckia Yarrow	—	Deep-rooted perennial pollinator anchor for the flower border.
🍆Eggplant VegetableSpecific	Bean Pepper Marigold Thyme	Fennel	Bean shades roots and fixes nitrogen; marigold deters nematodes.
🧅Egyptian Walking Onion BulbSpecific	Carrot Beet Tomato Strawberry	Bean Pea	Perennial allium — same rules as onion, plant once and forget.
🌾Einkorn GrainSpecific	Clover Vetch	—	Ancient grain; pairs with legume undersowing.
🌾Emmer GrainSpecific	Clover Vetch	—	Ancient grain; pairs with legume undersowing.
🥬Endive Leafy GreenSpecific	Bean Beet Lettuce	—	Bitter salad green — same needs as lettuce.
💜Eryngium FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Vegetable borders	—	Sea holly — spiny umbels feed wasps and native bees.
🌿Eucalyptus TreeSpecific	Cutting garden — as annual	Sensitive crops	Aromatic filler; roots can inhibit neighbors long-term.
🫘Fava Bean LegumeSpecific	Potato Corn Brassica	Onion Garlic Chive	Nitrogen-fixer and cool-season cover; alliums stunt legumes.
🌿Fennel HerbSpecific	— plant alone	Tomato Bean Pepper Dill Coriander Kohlrabi	Allelopathic — inhibits growth of most vegetables. Give it its own corner.
🌿Fenugreek HerbSpecific	Tomato Pepper Cabbage	—	Nitrogen-fixer — plant before heavy feeders as a light green manure.
🌼Feverfew FlowerSpecific	Rose Vegetable border	—	Aphid deterrent; small daisies feed hoverflies.
🌾Flax GrainSpecific	Potato Carrot	—	Deters Colorado potato beetle; blue flowers feed bees.
🌸Forget-Me-Not FlowerSpecific	Tulip Rose Shade border	—	Early bee forage; naturalizes in cool moist corners.
🌺Four O'Clock FlowerSpecific	Border of vegetable garden	—	Trap crop for Japanese beetles (foliage is toxic to them).
🔔Foxglove FlowerSpecific	Apple Perennial border	Edible beds — toxic	Cottage-garden bee plant; keep away from children and pets — toxic.
🌿French Tarragon HerbSpecific	Tomato Eggplant Vegetable borders	—	General beneficial herb; deters some pests.
🌼Gaillardia FlowerSpecific	Vegetable borders Cutting garden	—	Blanket flower — long bloom feeds butterflies and bees.
🌱Garden Cress Leafy GreenSpecific	Radish Lettuce Spinach	—	Fast catch crop; peppery leaves deter some flea beetles.
🫐Garden Huckleberry FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold	Potato	Nightshade annual — same rotation as tomato.
🧄Garlic BulbSpecific	Tomato Beet Carrot Strawberry Rose	Bean Pea	Repels aphids, spider mites, and Japanese beetles.
🌺Geranium (Pelargonium) FlowerSpecific	Cabbage Rose Tomato	—	Scented types repel cabbage worms and Japanese beetles.
🌿Ginseng HerbSpecific	Hardwood shade	Sun beds	Understory perennial — needs deep shade and rich humus.
🔵Globe Thistle FlowerSpecific	Sunflower Rudbeckia	—	Globe thistle — bumblebee powerhouse in mid-summer.
🍒Goji Berry FruitSpecific	Sunny fence line	Small tender crops	Nightshade shrub — vigorous; give it its own corner.
🎀Gomphrena FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Butterfly nectar plant; dries beautifully for arrangements.
🌿Good King Henry Leafy GreenSpecific	Perennial bed Rhubarb Asparagus	—	Perennial spinach — group with other long-lived edibles.
🍒Ground Cherry FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold Pepper	Potato	Nightshade family — same rotation rules as tomato.
🌿Hairy Vetch LegumeSpecific	Cereal rye (as trellis) Tomato (killed mulch)	—	Killed-mulch under tomatoes cuts disease and doubles yield in trials.
🌺Hibiscus HerbSpecific	Okra Pepper Basil	—	Tall heat lover; same family as okra — rotate together.
🌸Hollyhock FlowerSpecific	Back of border Cottage garden	Veg beds — rust disease host	Hummingbird magnet; give room and airflow to avoid rust.
🌸Honeywort (Cerinthe) FlowerSpecific	Tomato Rose	—	Cerinthe — bumblebee favorite; drooping purple bells.
🌿Horehound HerbSpecific	Tomato Pepper	—	Old-world bitter herb; flowers feed parasitic wasps.
🌱Horseradish RootSpecific	Potato Fruit trees	Small crops it can crowd	Deters Colorado potato beetle; plant in a buried pot — it spreads.
💐Hyacinth BulbSpecific	Under fruit trees Bulb border	Vegetable beds	Early bee forage; toxic bulbs deter rodents.
🫘Hyacinth Bean FlowerSpecific	Corn Sunflower Trellis	Onion Garlic	Ornamental nitrogen-fixing vine — beans are toxic raw.
💜Hyssop HerbSpecific	Cabbage Grape	Radish	Deters cabbage moth; classic vineyard companion.
🌸Iceplant FlowerSpecific	Rock garden Bed edges	—	Living mulch for hot dry edges; loves poor soil.
💎Jewels of Opar FlowerSpecific	Vegetable borders	—	Edible leaves and airy pink sprays; heat-tolerant.
🥔Jicama RootSpecific	Corn Bean	—	Vining legume — fixes nitrogen. Foliage/pods are toxic (root only).
🌾Job's Tears GrainSpecific	Corn Bean	—	Ornamental grain with bead-like seeds; drought-hardy.
🥬Kale Leafy GreenSpecific	Beet Onion Dill Nasturtium Chamomile	Strawberry Tomato Bean	Alliums repel cabbage worms; strawberry stunts brassicas.
🍈Kiwano (Jelly Melon) FruitSpecific	Corn Bean Nasturtium	Potato	Cucurbit — trellis with cucumber companions.
🥬Kohlrabi VegetableSpecific	Beet Onion Cucumber Sage	Tomato Pepper Bean Strawberry	Brassica rules; peppers and kohlrabi mutually stunt each other.
🌸Larkspur FlowerSpecific	Cottage border	Edible beds — toxic	Bumblebee favorite; keep away from livestock and kids.
💜Lavender HerbSpecific	Rose Cabbage Broccoli	—	Repels moths, fleas, and cabbage worms; loves poor dry soil.
🧅Leek VegetableSpecific	Carrot Celery Onion Tomato	Bean Pea	Allium — deters carrot fly; stunts all legumes.
🌿Lemon Balm HerbSpecific	Tomato Squash Broccoli	—	Bee magnet — plant near squash and cucumbers to boost pollination.
🌾Lemongrass HerbSpecific	Tomato Pepper Basil	—	Citronella oils repel mosquitoes and some flying pests.
🫘Lentil LegumeSpecific	Cucumber Potato Cabbage	Onion Garlic	Cool-season N-fixer; alliums stunt all legumes.
🥬Lettuce Leafy GreenSpecific	Carrot Radish Strawberry Chive Onion	Broccoli Parsley	Radish breaks up soil for lettuce roots; alliums deter aphids.
🌺Lewisia FlowerSpecific	Rock garden Alpine bed	—	Rosette perennial for gritty, sharp-drained edges.
🫘Lima Bean LegumeSpecific	Corn Cucumber Radish	Onion Garlic Fennel	Nitrogen-fixer; alliums stunt legumes.
🌷Lisianthus FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Long-vase-life cut flower; feeds bees when in bloom.
🍅Litchi Tomato FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold	Potato	Spiny nightshade — same rotation as tomato.
🌿Lovage HerbSpecific	Bean Potato Tomato	—	Celery-flavored perennial; umbels feed beneficials.
🌀Love-in-a-Mist FlowerSpecific	Rose Cutting garden	—	Cool-season self-seeder; feeds early bees.
🧽Luffa Gourd VegetableSpecific	Corn Bean Nasturtium	Potato	Long-season cucurbit — needs a very strong trellis.
💜Lupine FlowerSpecific	Corn Squash Fruit trees	—	Nitrogen-fixer; deep taproot mines minerals.
🌱Mâche Leafy GreenSpecific	Strawberry Lettuce	—	Winter salad green — tucks between overwintered crops.
🌿Malabar Spinach Leafy GreenSpecific	Bean Pepper Corn	—	Heat-loving vine spinach; give it a trellis.
🌼Marigold FlowerSpecific	Tomato Pepper Squash Bean Potato Basil	—	Root exudates suppress nematodes; strong scent confuses pests.
🌿Marjoram HerbSpecific	Nearly all vegetables	—	General beneficial — enhances flavor of neighboring plants.
🌸Marshmallow (Herb) HerbSpecific	Bee balm Echinacea Perennial border	—	Medicinal mallow; bumblebee and moth plant.
🍈Melon FruitSpecific	Corn Radish Nasturtium Marigold	Potato Cucumber (share diseases)	Corn shades weeds; nasturtium is a trap crop for aphids.
🦋Milkweed FlowerSpecific	Native flower borders	Vegetable beds — sap is toxic to livestock	The ONLY monarch host plant; keep in a border, not the veg bed.
🌾Millet GrainSpecific	Corn Bean Sunflower	—	Drought-tolerant summer grain; birds love the seed heads.
🌿Mint HerbSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Tomato (in pots)	Parsley Chamomile	Deters aphids and cabbage moth — plant in pots or it takes the bed.
🌿Mizuna Leafy GreenSpecific	Lettuce Radish Carrot	Tomato	Mild mustard — cross-pollinates with other brassicas.
🌿Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach) Leafy GreenSpecific	Okra Pepper Basil	—	Egyptian jute — heat lover pairs with summer crops.
🌙Moonflower FlowerSpecific	Trellis Fence line	Small tender crops	Night-blooming pollinator vine for moths and hawkmoths.
🌳Moringa HerbSpecific	Fruit trees Bean	—	Fast-growing tree with edible leaves; light dappled shade.
🌅Morning Glory FlowerSpecific	Corn (living trellis) Sunflower	Small crops it can smother	Attracts hummingbirds; give it something big to climb.
🌷Moss Rose FlowerSpecific	Rock garden Bed edges	—	Living mulch for hot, dry edges; loves poor soil.
🌿Mountain Mint FlowerSpecific	Vegetable borders Perennial border	In-bed with small crops — spreads	Top-3 pollinator plant; contain the runners.
🌼Mullein HerbSpecific	Corn Squash	—	Tall biennial pulls beneficials; leaves harbor predatory insects.
🌱Mung Bean LegumeSpecific	Corn Cucumber Radish	Onion Garlic	Fast-growing legume; nitrogen fix and summer cover.
🌶️Mustard Greens Leafy GreenSpecific	Cabbage Cover crop Broccoli	—	Bio-fumigant when tilled in — kills nematodes and soil pathogens.
🥬Napa Cabbage Leafy GreenSpecific	Onion Dill Sage Nasturtium	Tomato Strawberry	Same brassica rules as cabbage.
🍊Naranjilla FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold	Potato	Andean nightshade — same rotation as tomato.
🌺Nasturtium FlowerSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Cucumber Squash Tomato Radish	—	Classic aphid trap crop; also deters squash bugs and whitefly.
🌸Nicotiana FlowerSpecific	Vegetable borders	Tomato bed (shares TMV)	Night-scented moth plant; can host tobacco mosaic virus.
🌾Oats GrainSpecific	Pea Vetch Clover	—	Cool-season nurse crop; winter-kills for easy spring beds.
🌱Okra VegetableSpecific	Pepper Basil Melon Cucumber	—	Tall late-season crop pairs well under other heat lovers.
🧅Onion BulbSpecific	Carrot Beet Lettuce Tomato Strawberry	Bean Pea Asparagus	Sulfur compounds repel aphids and carrot fly; stunt all legumes.
🌿Orach Leafy GreenSpecific	Bean Lettuce	—	Heat-tolerant spinach substitute; tall vertical filler.
🌿Oregano HerbSpecific	Basil Pepper Tomato Squash Bean	—	Blooms feed pollinators; general pest-confusing aromatic.
🤍Orlaya FlowerSpecific	Rose Cutting garden Vegetable borders	—	White lace umbels — top hoverfly and wasp plant.
🎨Ornamental Kale FlowerSpecific	Onion Beet Nasturtium	Strawberry Tomato	Same brassica rules as edible kale.
🦪Oyster Leaf Leafy GreenSpecific	Coastal bed Rock garden	—	Rare oyster-flavored perennial; loves gritty soil.
🌿Papalo HerbSpecific	Tomato Bean Pepper	—	Cilantro-substitute that thrives in summer heat.
🌼Paper Daisy FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Everlasting daisy; excellent for drying.
🌿Parsley HerbSpecific	Tomato Asparagus Corn Chive Rose	Lettuce Mint	Umbel flowers feed hoverflies and tiny parasitic wasps.
🥕Parsnip RootSpecific	Onion Radish Pea	Carrot Celery	Umbels attract beneficials in year two; avoid other apiaceae.
🍇Passionfruit FruitSpecific	Fence Trellis	Small tender crops	Vigorous vine; host for gulf fritillary butterflies.
🌱Pea LegumeSpecific	Carrot Corn Radish Turnip Cucumber	Onion Garlic Chive	Nitrogen-fixer for the whole bed. Alliums stunt pea growth.
🥜Peanut LegumeSpecific	Corn Squash Pepper	Onion Garlic	Nitrogen-fixer with pegs — needs loose sandy soil at flowering.
🍈Pepino Dulce FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold	Potato	Andean nightshade — same rotation as tomato.
🌶️Pepper VegetableSpecific	Basil Onion Carrot Tomato Marigold	Fennel Kohlrabi Bean	Basil boosts flavor; beans stunt peppers in confined spaces.
🌸Petunia FlowerSpecific	Tomato Pepper Bean	—	Deters tomato hornworm and asparagus beetle.
💜Phacelia FlowerSpecific	Any vegetable	—	Top honeybee plant AND nitrogen-scavenging cover crop.
🌿Plantain (Herb) HerbSpecific	Everything — a beneficial weed	—	Deep taproot mines minerals; leaves are edible and medicinal.
🍎Pomegranate FruitSpecific	Fig Grape Herb border	—	Drought-tolerant fruit shrub; bees love the flowers.
🌺Poppy FlowerSpecific	Bean Squash	—	Feeds early-season bees; self-seeds in bare patches.
🥔Potato RootSpecific	Bean Corn Cabbage Horseradish Marigold	Tomato Cucumber Squash Sunflower Raspberry	Horseradish deters Colorado potato beetle; nightshades share blight.
🌼Primrose FlowerSpecific	Shade border Under fruit trees	—	Early bee forage for cool moist corners.
🎃Pumpkin VegetableSpecific	Corn Bean Nasturtium Marigold	Potato	Classic Three Sisters partner; nasturtium repels squash bugs.
🌱Purslane HerbSpecific	Corn Peppers	—	Living mulch — shades soil and roots pull moisture up for neighbors.
🌾Queen Anne's Lace FlowerSpecific	Tomato Pepper Cabbage	Carrot (cross-pollinates)	Ornamental carrot — umbels feed beneficials.
🌾Quinoa GrainSpecific	Bean Squash	—	Beneficial-attracting seed head; tolerates poor soils.
🥬Radicchio Leafy GreenSpecific	Carrot Fennel bed edges	—	Chicory — deep taproot and cool-season bitter green.
🌶️Radish RootSpecific	Cucumber Lettuce Carrot Pea Spinach	Hyssop	Trap crop for flea beetles; loosens soil for slower root crops.
🌸Ranunculus BulbSpecific	Cutting garden	Edible beds — toxic	Cool-season cut flower; sap is irritating.
🌱Rhubarb VegetableSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Onion Garlic	—	Leaf tea repels aphids and leaf-miners. Leaves are toxic — compost separately.
🌾Rice GrainSpecific	Duckweed Azolla	—	Aquatic grain; pairs with nitrogen-fixing azolla in paddies.
🌺Roselle FruitSpecific	Okra Pepper Basil	—	Hibiscus for tea and jam; same family as okra.
🌿Rosemary HerbSpecific	Carrot Cabbage Bean Sage	Tomato Basil	Repels carrot fly and cabbage moth; wants drier feet than tomatoes.
🌻Rudbeckia FlowerSpecific	Echinacea Bee balm Vegetable borders	—	Long-season pollinator magnet; goldfinches eat the seeds.
🌿Rue FlowerSpecific	Rose Fig Raspberry	Basil Cabbage Sage	Deters Japanese beetles; sap causes skin burns in sun.
🌸Runner Bean LegumeSpecific	Corn Squash Radish	Onion Garlic Fennel	Nitrogen-fixer; hummingbirds love the red flowers.
🥔Rutabaga RootSpecific	Pea Onion Nasturtium	Potato	Brassica — legumes feed heavy fall growth.
🌼Safflower FlowerSpecific	Bean Cucumber	—	Drought-hardy oilseed; long taproot breaks compaction.
🌿Sage HerbSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Carrot Rosemary	Cucumber Basil	Repels cabbage moth and carrot fly; slows cucumber vines.
🌸Salpiglossis FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Painted tongue — moth and bee plant with veined trumpets.
🌾Salsify RootSpecific	Bean Mustard	—	Deep taproot loosens compacted subsoil.
🌸Salvia (Ornamental) FlowerSpecific	Rosemary Cabbage Tomato Carrot	—	Aromatic — repels cabbage moth and carrot fly; hummers love it.
🌸Saponaria FlowerSpecific	Cottage border	—	Soapwort — historic laundry herb; bee-friendly.
🌸Scabiosa FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Herbs	—	Pincushion flowers pull in butterflies and beneficial flies.
🌱Scallion / Bunching Onion VegetableSpecific	Carrot Beet Lettuce Tomato	Bean Pea	Same rules as onion — allium stunts legumes.
🌱Scorzonera RootSpecific	Bean Mustard	—	Same needs as salsify; long-cycle root, minimal competition.
🫐Sea Buckthorn FruitSpecific	Nitrogen-hungry shrubs Fruit trees	—	Nitrogen-fixing shrub; berries are vitamin-C powerhouses.
🌱Sesame HerbSpecific	Peanut Bean Pepper	—	Deep taproot; drought-hardy filler between heat-loving crops.
🧅Shallot BulbSpecific	Carrot Beet Lettuce Tomato Strawberry	Bean Pea	Same rules as onion — allium stunts legumes.
🌿Shiso HerbSpecific	Tomato Cabbage Pepper	—	Aromatic Japanese herb; deters some flea beetles.
🐌Snail Vine FlowerSpecific	Trellis Fence	—	Ornamental legume vine; fragrant lavender flowers for bees.
🐉Snapdragon FlowerSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Cutting garden	—	Bumblebee favorite; cool-season color for the brassica bed.
❄️Snow-on-the-Mountain FlowerSpecific	Rock garden Cutting garden	Edible beds — sap irritates	Chartreuse filler; sap is caustic — handle with gloves.
🌾Sorghum GrainSpecific	Cowpea Bean Squash	—	Drought-hardy summer grain; pairs with legume undersowing.
🌿Sorrel HerbSpecific	Strawberry	—	Low, cool companion for berry beds; deep roots break compaction.
🫛Soybean / Edamame LegumeSpecific	Corn Cucumber Radish	Onion Garlic	Nitrogen-fixer for hot-summer beds.
🌾Spelt GrainSpecific	Clover Vetch	—	Ancient wheat; pairs with legume cover crops.
🥬Spinach Leafy GreenSpecific	Strawberry Bean Pea Cabbage	—	Cool-weather understory; strawberries and spinach benefit each other.
💜Statice FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Everlasting for drying; feeds bees when in bloom.
🌿Stevia HerbSpecific	Basil Pepper Tomato	—	Compact, non-competitive — tucks in beside other warm-season herbs.
🌸Stock FlowerSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli Cutting garden	—	Cool-season fragrant flower; pollinator draw for brassicas.
🍓Strawberry FruitSpecific	Bean Lettuce Spinach Thyme Borage	Brassicas Fennel	Borage boosts pollination and disease resistance dramatically.
🌾Strawflower FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Butterfly plant; excellent everlasting for drying.
🌿Summer Savory HerbSpecific	Bean Onion	—	The 'bean herb' — repels bean beetles and improves flavor.
🎃Summer Squash VegetableSpecific	Corn Bean Nasturtium Borage Marigold	Potato	Nasturtium repels squash bugs; borage doubles pollination.
🌻Sunchoke RootSpecific	Corn Sunflower	Small crops it shades out	Jerusalem artichoke — tall, spreads aggressively. Give a dedicated bed.
🤍Sweet Alyssum FlowerSpecific	Lettuce Kale Carrot Cabbage	—	Best living mulch — feeds hoverflies whose larvae devour aphids.
🌿Sweet Annie FlowerSpecific	Cabbage Broccoli	Sensitive herbs	Aromatic — deters cabbage moth but can inhibit neighbors.
🎀Sweet Pea FlowerSpecific	Rose Sunflower	Alliums (onion, garlic, chive)	Ornamental only — pods are TOXIC. Do not confuse with edible peas.
🍠Sweet Potato RootSpecific	Bean Corn Marigold	Squash (share pests)	Living mulch for hot beds; sprawling vines shade weeds.
🥬Swiss Chard Leafy GreenSpecific	Bean Cabbage Onion	—	Cool understory beside brassicas; nitrogen from beans boosts growth.
🍅Tamarillo (Tree Tomato) FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold	Potato	Tree tomato — nightshade, same rotation as tomato.
🥬Tatsoi Leafy GreenSpecific	Onion Beet Carrot	Tomato	Cold-hardy brassica; small-space salad bowl green.
🌾Teff GrainSpecific	Cowpea Clover	—	Drought-hardy summer grain; pairs with legumes.
🌿Thyme HerbSpecific	Cabbage Brussels sprouts Strawberry Rose Eggplant	Basil	Deters cabbage worms and whitefly; low ground-cover suits berry beds.
🌻Tithonia FlowerSpecific	Corn Sunflower Squash	—	Monarch and hummingbird favorite; tall pollinator anchor.
🫒Tomatillo FruitSpecific	Basil Marigold Corn	Potato	Plant TWO — self-incompatible. Same family rules as tomato.
🍅Tomato VegetableSpecific	Basil Carrot Marigold Onion Borage Parsley	Brassicas Fennel Corn Potato	Basil deters hornworms; corn/tomato share the same worm and diseases.
🌿Tong Ho (Edible Chrysanthemum) Leafy GreenSpecific	Cabbage Lettuce Bean	—	Edible chrysanthemum greens; flowers feed hoverflies.
🌼Toothache Plant HerbSpecific	Lettuce Basil	—	Novelty herb; light feeder that plays nicely in mixed beds.
🌷Tulip BulbSpecific	Under fruit trees Bulb border	Vegetable beds	Early bee forage; bulbs are toxic — plant away from edibles.
🌰Turnip RootSpecific	Pea Onion Cabbage	Potato	Legumes feed turnips; potatoes compete for the same underground space.
🌸Verbena (Tall / Vervain) FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden Vegetable borders	—	Long-blooming butterfly plant; drought-tolerant.
🌸Vinca (Annual) FlowerSpecific	Shade border Bed edges	Edible beds — toxic	Living mulch for shade; keep away from livestock.
💜Viola (Pansy) FlowerSpecific	Lettuce Kale Cool-season bed	—	Edible flowers; cool-season pollinator draw.
💧Watercress Leafy GreenSpecific	Water-loving beds Lettuce	—	Needs constantly moist feet; pair with high-water crops.
🍉Watermelon FruitSpecific	Corn Radish Nasturtium Marigold	Potato Cucumber (share diseases)	Radish repels cucumber beetle; corn shades weeds.
🍈Wax Melon (Winter Melon) VegetableSpecific	Corn Bean Nasturtium	Potato	Winter melon — long-storing cucurbit; same rules as squash.
🌾Wheat GrainSpecific	Clover Vetch Pea	—	Winter grain; pairs with legume undersowing.
🫛Winged Bean LegumeSpecific	Corn Okra Trellis	Onion Garlic	Tropical nitrogen-fixer; every part is edible.
🌿Winter Savory HerbSpecific	Bean Onion	—	Perennial 'bean herb' — repels bean beetles.
🎃Winter Squash VegetableSpecific	Corn Bean Nasturtium Marigold Borage	Potato	Long-season Three Sisters; borage doubles pollinator visits.
🌸Xeranthemum FlowerSpecific	Cutting garden	—	Everlasting daisy; excellent for drying.
🌱Yardlong Bean LegumeSpecific	Corn Okra Trellis	Onion Garlic	Heat-loving nitrogen-fixer; needs a tall support.
🌼Yarrow FlowerSpecific	Any vegetable border Fruit trees	—	Top beneficial-insect plant; deep roots concentrate nutrients.
🌴Yuca RootSpecific	Pigeon pea Bean Corn	—	Traditional intercrop with legumes to feed the long season.
🌸Zinnia FlowerSpecific	Tomato Cauliflower Melon Cucumber	—	Butterfly and hummingbird magnet; distracts Japanese beetles.
🥒Zucchini VegetableSpecific	Nasturtium Bean Corn Borage Marigold	Potato	Nasturtium repels squash bugs; borage brings in pollinators.